When planning literacy instruction for multilingual learners, what are two essential instructional considerations?

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Balancing language development with content access is central to planning literacy for multilingual learners. The two essential instructional considerations are aligning language objectives with the content objectives, so students practice the specific academic language needed to engage with the material; and providing supports such as visuals, sentence frames, and sheltered instruction strategies that make meaning clear and give students structured ways to participate. Visuals help convey meaning beyond words, sentence frames offer predictable structures for using academic language, and sheltered instruction techniques adapt tasks so students can access grade-level content while building language skills. Together, these elements support both understanding and language production in authentic literacy contexts. Relying on English only with no supports, focusing solely on grammar drills, or isolating students from peers would not provide the necessary scaffolds for language development and content mastery.